Gwps including indirect effects of ozone depletion have been estimated fo r a variety of halocarbons cfcs, halons, hcfcs, etc. Ozone depletion, ozone hole, ultraviolet radiation. The ozone layer protects us from excessive levels of harmful ultraviolet uv radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance between the production and destruction of stratospheric ozone is tipped in favour of destruction.
Pdf depletion of the ozone layer and its consequences. Ace information programme aric ozone depletion fact sheet series. Therefore many governments are taking measures to prevent ozone depletion. Atmospheric ozone has two effects on the temperature balance of the earth. Oct 27, 2017 the effects of ozone depletion on plants and animals. Within a few days, the damaged cells are replaced and the old cells are shed much in the way skin peels after a sunburn. Air pollution not only harms buildings and plant life, but it negatively impacts human health as well. This was the first federal attempt to control air pollution.
Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide and answer to followup questions from cafe 2004. Uv can also damage sensitive crops, such as soybeans, and reduce crop yields. Another misconception is that ozone layer depletion causes global warming by letting in extra solar radiation. Within the stratosphere, the ozone layer is the portion that contains the highest. Symptoms of ozone exposure when people breathe ozone air pollution, the lining of their lungs can become irritated and inflamed.
Let us have a detailed look at the various causes and effects of ozone layer depletion. The causes of ozone depletion scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone is being destroyed by a group of manufactured chemicals, containing chlorine andor bromine. Questions and answers about the environmental effects of. Researchers indicate that many of the effects of ozone depletion on human health tend to apply for animals, too. This digest is a faithful summary of two leading scientific consensus reports produced in 2003 and 2004 by the world health organization who.
Questions and answers about the environmental effects of the ozone layer depletion and 4 climate change. These radiations can cause severe diseases in humans such as skin cancer, eye damage and genetic mutations etc 9. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. The policies and response strategies that are being formulated or implemented in the asian and pacific region to address these concerns are also discussed. The depletion of ozone in the stratosphere by the number of gaseous pollutants like nitric oxide no, nitrous oxide n 2 o, chlorine cl, chlorofluorocarbons cfcs etc. The air quality planning units primary goal is to protect your right to breathe clean air. Cfcs come from the burning of plastic foam items leaking refrigerator equipment spray cans. The ozone hole grows throughout the early spring until temperatures warm and the polar vortex weakens.
No, ozone depletion itself is not the principal cause of climate change. Ozone depletion and climate change, or ozone hole and global warming in more popular terms, are environmental challenges whose connections have been explored and which have been compared and contrasted, for example in terms of global regulation, in various studies and books. Global warming and ozone layer depletion are two different problems see the sidebar misconceptions about global atmospheric change on page 95. Thinning of the protective ozone layer can cause increased amounts of uv radiation to reach the earth, which can lead to more cases of skin cancer, cataracts, and impaired immune systems. In addition to the emergence of stratospheric ozone depletion as an. Ozone depletion and climate change are linked in a number of ways, but ozone depletion is not a major cause of climate change. This report summarizes the results of a multidisciplinary analysis aiming to assess the effects of ozone on health. There are important effects of changes in the intensity of solar uv radiation resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion, particularly uvb. Ods are very stable, nontoxic and environmentally safe in the lower atmosphere, which is why they became. Although natural phenomena can cause temporary ozone loss, chlorine and bromine released from manmade compounds such as cfcs are now accepted as the main cause of this. How and why has the situation regarding the ozone layer changed over the.
In the troposphere, ozone is also an efficient greenhouse gas. At ground level, ozone is a pollutant that can harm human health. Effects of ozone depletion ozone depletion is affecting the human health and environment negatively, as it allows the penetration of uv radiations to reach the earth. Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, which is essential to life as we know it on planet earth. Air pollution is a global health issue of growing concern. One of the greatest and most dangerous effects of pollution on the ozone layer is that it creates holes in the atmosphere, which allow powerful ultraviolet rays from the sun to reach the earths surface.
Effects and measures to protect ozone layer depletion. Air pollution can damage crops and trees in a variety of. The causes of ozone depletion scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone is being destroyed by a group of manufactured chemicals, containing chlorine and or bromine. Questions and answers about the effects of the depletion of. Is depletion of the ozone layer the principal cause of climate change.
It contributes to acid rain formation, ozone depletion, and climate change. Questions and answers about the environmental effects of the. The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. Is depletion of the ozone layer the principal cause of.
The amendments also established a national operating permits program to make the law more workable, and strengthened enforcement to help ensure better compliance with the act. The emission of ozonedepleting gases are threatening the earths ozone layer. Environmental studies ozone depletion tutorialspoint. Discovering ozone depletion and banning cfc aerosol. Chapte r ozone depletion potentials, global warming.
Since india already receives high doses of ultraviolet uvb radiation, and is at the threshold go to speak, effects of ozone layer depletion. Types of air pollutionindoor and outdoor while this chapter deals with the issues of pollution to the atmosphere and. Ground ozone concentration is lower in polar and equatorial regions. However, because ozone absorbs solar radiation and is a greenhouse gas, ozone changes and climate change are linked in important ways. Ozone can inflame and damage the lining of the lung some scientists have compared ozonecaused lung damage to a sunburn. The analysis indicates that ozone pollution affects the health of. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. Nearly 500 organizations, teams, and individuals from 40 countries have received stratospheric ozone protection awards for their exceptional leadership, personal dedication, and technical achievements. The clean air act highlights of the 1990 amendments. Pdf there are many situations where human activities have.
This study was conducted at university of gujrat during 20142015 as a term paper for master of philosophy. Too much here cars, trucks, power plants and factories all emit air pollution that forms ground level ozone, a. Ozone is a highly oxidative compound formed in the lower. The earth is protected from excessive ultraviolet rays by an atmospheric ozone layer. Ozone layer protection european commission european union. This idea connects two issues global warming and depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere inappropriately, which diverts attention from the main cause of global warming. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone depletion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, and what could lie ahead for the ozone layer. Cfcs are everywhere in the atmosphere and ozone depletion due to cfcs occurs worldwide, but in the antarctica, because of pscs, ozone depletion is severe enough to create an ozone hole. Clean air is considered to be a basic requirement of human health and wellbeing who, 2000. The ozone depletion has led to a worldwide concern as the thinning protective coat over earth is letting harmful ultraviolet light pass. Ozone depletion also explains much of the observed reduction in stratospheric and upper tropospheric temperatures.
Since then, clean air legislation has been revised and strengthened. The fact is that ozone is also used for disinfection of air, water and for a lot of other industrial processes such as bleaching of paper pulp. The net gwps of halocarbons depend strongly upon the effectiveness of each compound for ozone destruction. Ozone is a gas that occurs both at groundlevel and in the earths upper atmosphere, known as the stratosphere. The subtropical ground ozone concentration in northern hemisphere is twice the corresponding region in southern hemisphere 5. Stratospheric ozone protection awards since 1990, epa has recognized outstanding achievement in ozone layer protection.
Uv b radiation due to ozone depletion, global warming and climatic change, habitat loss and destruction, and acidification caused by acid rain. Pdf ozone o 3 is a stratospheric layer that plays important role in providing support to humans for. Near the ground, ozone forming as a result of chemical reactions involving traffic pollution and. At the end of 20, 258 projects have been committed for an.
The problem of ozone depletion and its adverse consequences have threatened the existence of life on the planet. Chapter 15 air pollution and stratospheric ozone depletion. Environmental studies ozone depletion ozone is a form of oxygen in which three atoms of oxygen combine to form a single molecule of ozone. Clean air, healthy children teachers guide and activities for.
What are the effects of pollution on the ozone layer. Ozone control strategies groundlevel ozone new england. This ozone layer sustains life on the earth by absorbing a great deal of uv ultra violet light radiating out of sun. Due to this, it is also taking a toll on our health and the environment. Theses gaseous pollutants react with the ozone to produce oxygen by which the net result is the depletion of ozone. Ozone layer depletion ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused due tho release of chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chlorine from industries or other human activities. These chemicals are called ozone depleting substances ods. The clean air act of 1990 sets limits on the discharge of air pollutants from industrial facilities and motor vehicles, and addresses acid rain and ozone depletion american meteorological society, 1999. Experts blame ozonelayer depletion on manmade chem. The good ozone layer is located between 20 km and 40 km above the earths surface and is very important to all life on earth, as it stops harmful radiation from. Ozone depletion over india with so much worry about the rapid ozone depletion taking place in various parts of the earth, indian scientists are closely monitoring the ozone layer over india for possible depletion trends. The net effect of the particles is poorly understood and it is not clear which of these processes dominates over the other. Light pollution may also contribute to global decline of amphibians, because many amphibians are nocturnally active or have biological rhythms regulated by light. Ozone is a very reactive molecule that has a very strong oxidizing ability.
Ozone air pollution and health studies have indicated that exposure to groundlevel ozone air pollution, even at very low levels, can cause a number of respiratory health effects particularly over time. Global ozone depletion has been going on for years. To the point where a seasonal hole in the ozone layer began to appear above the antarctic. Causes of air pollution carbon dioxide deforestation and fossil fuel burning sulfur dioxide burning of sulfur containing compounds of fossil fuels. Ozone damages the cells that line the air spaces in the lung. Moreover, the reasons of the problems in subject have started to become complex and effective, and their solutions have started to become. However, air pollution continues to pose a significant threat to health and environment worldwide. The roll of ozone is very crucial and significant because it acts as a protective shield in the biosphere ecosystem against their exposure to deadly and dangerous ultraviolet radiation. Project report on ozone depletion environmental pollution. Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs reduces the amount of ozone. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.
The ozone layer is a layer in earths atmosphere which. Ozone depletion smog acid rain what are the effects of air pollution. The most accurate estimate that can be made is that at present launch rates and pro pellant use, global ozone depletion from rocket engine particle emissions does not exceed 0. Stratospheric ozone depletion after reading this module, you should be able to explain the benefits of stratospheric ozone and. Smog a type of air pollution that is a mixture of oxidants. Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. Massive amounts of uvb radiation that penetrate our atmosphere do not only affect humans, but also animals and plants. In the stratosphere, however, ozone forms a layer that protects life on earth from the suns harmful ultraviolet uv rays. It absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, which heats the stratosphere. Smog a type of air pollution that is a mixture of oxidants and particulate matter. Guided by the clean air act, we work collaboratively with states, communities, and businesses to develop and implement strategies to reduce air pollution from a variety of sources that contribute to the groundlevel ozone or smog problem.
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